Understanding Dyspnoea in Athletes: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
Dyspnoea, or shortness of breath, is a common complaint among athletes, often leading to fatigue and underperformance. The complexity of this symptom requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management. Recent research highlights the importance of distinguishing between respiratory and non-respiratory causes of dyspnoea to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure effective treatment.
Key Causes of Dyspnoea in Athletes
Dyspnoea in athletes can be attributed to several factors, including:
- Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB): Often misdiagnosed as asthma, EIB is a common cause of dyspnoea. Proper spirometry testing is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
- Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO): Previously known as vocal cord dysfunction, EILO is characterized by abnormal closure of the larynx during exercise. Continuous laryngeal endoscopy is recommended for diagnosis.
- Non-Airway Causes: Conditions such as iron deficiency, anemia, infectious diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders can also lead to dyspnoea.
Improving Diagnostic Accuracy
To improve diagnostic accuracy, clinicians should:
- Conduct a thorough case history, focusing on exercise-specific symptoms.
- Utilize appropriate diagnostic tests, such as spirometry and continuous laryngeal endoscopy.
- Consider non-respiratory causes and assess for comorbid conditions.
Management Strategies
Effective management of dyspnoea in athletes involves:
- Adhering to established guidelines for EIB and EILO treatment.
- Addressing non-respiratory causes through appropriate interventions, such as iron supplementation for anemia.
- Regular follow-up to assess treatment efficacy and adjust management plans as needed.
Conclusion
Clinicians must approach dyspnoea in athletes with a comprehensive diagnostic plan to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective management. By understanding the various causes and implementing evidence-based practices, healthcare providers can significantly improve outcomes for athletes experiencing dyspnoea.
To read the original research paper, please follow this link: Common causes of dyspnoea in athletes: a practical approach for diagnosis and management.
